Coptic heritage · Beheira
Wadi El Natrun Monasteries
A quiet desert depression halfway between Cairo and Alexandria, home to four living Coptic monasteries that stand among the oldest centres of Christian monasticism.
Listen to the guide
The story
In ancient times the valley was known as the desert of Scetis, and its name comes from natron, the salt formed by its alkaline lakes. Saint Macarius the Great is traditionally said to have settled here around the mid-fourth century, drawing hermits and monks in growing numbers until, at its height, the region is said to have held some seven hundred monasteries. Raids early in the fifth century struck the community, yet it recovered in later centuries. Four monasteries remain active today: Saint Macarius, Saint Bishoy, Paromeos (El Baramous) and the Syrian Monastery. The Syrian Monastery is especially admired for its ancient Church of the Virgin, with wall paintings uncovered across several centuries of layers, and for a library that preserved precious Syriac manuscripts.
Good to know
- The valley lies about 23 m below sea level and holds alkaline lakes rich in natron salt.
- Four monasteries are still active today, out of a far larger number that existed in early centuries.
- Ancient Egyptians drew natron from this region, and it was used in mummification.
- The Syrian Monastery takes its name from Syrian monks who settled there in the Middle Ages, and its Church of the Virgin dates back to roughly the seventh century.
Visiting tips
The Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities lists the Syrian Monastery as open daily from 8:00 to 17:00, while travel sources give roughly 9:00 to 17:00 for the monasteries in general. Modest dress covering shoulders and knees is advised. Please check hours and visiting rules directly before you go, as they can change around feasts and fasts.